As regulators took a hard look at the U.S. banking industry, they found some of the nation’s largest financial institutions better prepared than others to sustain future market shocks.

The results of stress tests on Thursday, mandated by the Dodd-Frank financial overhaul law and conducted by the Federal Reserve, indicate that most banks would survive a severe recession and a crash in the markets. The tests, which measured a bank’s capital during extreme hypothetical conditions, also produced some unlikely winners.

Citigroup, for example, outperformed its rivals just one year after a poor performance embarrassed the bank. Bank of America also showed improved capital levels under stressed conditions. Morgan Stanley and JPMorgan Chase, however, produced some of the lowest results among large Wall Street firms.