BERLIN — Leo Kirch, who turned his one-man film distributor into Germany’s second-biggest media business before losing control of it after a gamble on pay television, has died. He was 84.

No cause of death was given by a spokesman who confirmed Kirch’s passing and who declined to be identified Thursday. Kirch had suffered from diabetes and near-blindness for several years.

At its height, his Kirch Holding was valued at $5 billion. Its 150 units held Germany’s biggest film-licensing library, the nation’s only pay-television channel and rights to two soccer World Cup tournaments. When Kirch resigned, his companies were under court protection from creditors, the biggest bankruptcy filing in Germany since World War II.

“We are very sad,” Dieter Hahn, who has worked with Kirch for almost 20 years, said in a statement distributed on behalf of Kirch’s family. Kirch died “today peacefully, surrounded by family.”

In a letter of farewell to his staff on April 8, 2002, Kirch said “people, not numbers make companies.” He ended the letter, mailed the day that the main KirchMedia unit sought protection from creditors, with “God bless you.”

In the last decade of his life, Kirch filed dozens of lawsuits against Deutsche Bank and the lender’s former Chief Executive Officer Rolf Breuer. The disputes followed a February 2002 Bloomberg TV interview in which Breuer said “everything that you can read and hear about (Kirch) is that the financial sector isn’t prepared to provide further” financing.

Kirch claimed Breuer’s comments precipitated his group’s bankruptcy. Deutsche Bank and Breuer have denied wrongdoing.

Under German rules of civil procedure, a suit is halted until the heirs resume the case. Kirch didn’t file all of the suits in his own name. Some were filed together with his wife Ruth.

An action seeking about $2.84 billion in damages against Deutsche Bank, currently pending at a Munich appeals court, was filed by a company set up by Kirch for the litigation. That suit can continue unaltered.

As divided Germany began to rebuild after World War II, Wuerzburg, Bavaria-born Kirch was in his 20s and looking to make money by exploiting his business administration education and his interest in movies.

Taking time off from teaching economics at Munich University in 1956, Kirch drove to Italy in his Volkswagen in search of film makers. He found Federico Fellini, who had just directed his first and still one of his best-known films, “La Strada.” Kirch bought the German rights to distribute the movie, borrowing the money from his wife, Ruth.

It was a gamble that paid off. “La Strada” was popular with German audiences and ultimately considered a classic, so that royalties rolled in for years. Plowing his gains back into the business, Kirch bought the rights to more movies, became one of Germany’s biggest programming traders and began co-producing films with foreign partners.

Kirch, the son of grape growers, also loved classical music and became a close friend of Herbert von Karajan, long-time director of the Berlin Philharmonic.

As television expanded in Germany in the 1960s, Kirch had the programs it needed. Germany’s public channels ARD and ZDF depended on him almost completely for drama series and shows imported from U.S. networks. By the end of the century, he owned the rights to 63,000 movies and television shows, as well as sports broadcasting rights.