Jay L. Clendenin / Los Angeles Times via Tribune News Service Actress Misha Reeves occupies one of several themed rooms inside Creep LA, a haunted house experience set up in a warehouse in Los Angeles’ Glassell Park neighborhood.

LOS ANGELES — Melissa Carbone quit her high-paying marketing job eight years ago and invested her life savings into something extremely scary: She launched a haunted hayride attraction in the heart of Los Angeles.

The investment seemed to make sense. After all, Americans are expected to spend a record $8.4 billion this year on Halloween candy, costumes and parties, with one in five planning to visit a haunted attraction, according to the National Retail Federation.

The move has paid off for Carbone. The LA Haunted Hayride is on track to draw 80,000 visitors this year with thousands more at a similar hayride attraction she launched in New York last year.

“For an industry that big, I thought Los Angeles was super underserved,” she said. “Clearly there was room for another attraction.”

But entrepreneurs looking to capitalize on the surging popularity of Halloween have learned that the business of scaring can be frighteningly fickle.

For every success like Carbone’s, there are several mom-and-pop haunted attractions that have been killed off by mounting insurance and other expenses as well as extensive government regulations. On top of that, they face competition from Halloween events produced by giants including Universal Studios Hollywood and California’s Knott’s Berry Farm theme park.

Take the Tustin Haunt, the Scareplex Halloween Haunt and Satan’s Chop Shop, all Los Angeles-area haunted attractions that earned high praise from horror fans but closed after a year or two.

“It’s getting so expensive that unless you have $100,000 to put into it and $30,000 into marketing, you are not going to make it,” said Jeff Schiefelbein, chief executive of Sinister Pointe Productions, an area company that builds haunted attractions for theme parks and individual entrepreneurs.

“Almost every independent haunted house we’ve built for someone no longer exists,” he said. “They maybe last two years, and that’s it.”

In fact, Schiefelbein said he is thinking of discontinuing his own area haunted attraction — after 20 years in operation — because of expensive and time-consuming government regulations, including fire-safety requirements imposed by city officials.

“It’s literally drained the fun out of it,” he said of the regulations.

In addition to investing a huge amount of capital, local attraction owners say the formula for success in the haunt business involves spending heavily on marketing, hiring creative staff and developing a unique product.

“It’s not as easy as it may seem,” said Jennifer Bandich, a producer at Evil Twin Studios, which ran a haunted house outside L.A. from 2013 to 2015. The attraction won’t operate this year, but Bandich hopes to relaunch it in 2017.

Evil Twin had the benefit of running its haunted attraction — dubbed Ward 13 last year — as a nonprofit that raised money for local charities. It meant that the business could slash its labor costs by relying primarily on volunteers.

But this year, Bandich said, the business couldn’t find a commercial building that it could rent for only six weeks, with at least 15,000 square feet of space but in a location where the noise wouldn’t be a problem for neighbors, among other requirements.

“We realized, basically, this was going to be a concern,” she said.

In addition to other expenses, Bandich said, operators of haunt businesses have had to pay steadily increasing insurance costs over the past few years.

Justin Fix, an actor and Halloween fan, last year launched a haunted attraction known as Creep LA, funding it with $60,000 he generated by maxing out three credit cards. Creep LA combines immersive theater and the features of a traditional haunted house to give guests the creeps, he said.

“There are different ways to scare people, and I like to think we are doing the slow burn to frighten them,” he said

Fix’s haunt generated enough money last year to pay off his credit cards, and he expects to generate even more revenue this year because he has opened the attraction three weeks earlier than last year. But it means investing $168,000 into the business.

“I’m nervous as all hell,” he said.

Carbone, 40, attributes her success to creating an attraction that is unique.

“Haunted houses are cool, but they are kind of a dime a dozen,” she said.

The idea for her haunted hayride came from the traditional hayrides she remembers growing up in Connecticut. “I loved them,” Carbone said. “I couldn’t get enough of them.”

After seeing neighbors admire the Halloween decorations on her home, it dawned on Carbone that there was big money to be made in scaring people.

“It sparked my curiosity,” she said. “How much revenue was behind this day?”