MINNEAPOLIS — Saru Jayaraman, director of the Food Labor Research Center at the University of California at Berkeley, advocates abolishing restaurant tipping in favor of a $15-an-hour minimum wage as the best way to economically uplift the working poor.

She recently spoke to about 200 labor activists, students, restaurant owners and others at the University of Minnesota business school. She said that tipping is rooted in a time when women and minorities were not entitled to fair wages and relied on the gratitude of customers.

“Employers should pay workers, not customers,” said Jayaraman, a Yale Law graduate who worked in restaurants as a student and gained renown for a 2014 book, “Behind the Kitchen Door.” “Restaurant industry workers reject this feudal system.”

Holly Hatch-Surisook, a Minneapolis restaurant owner, said she agrees but doesn’t like a “sledgehammer” approach. And she can’t afford $15 an hour yet.

Hatch-Surisook is co-owner with her husband, Joe, of the Sen Yai Sen Lek Thai restaurant. They mortgaged their nearby house to open the restaurant in 2008. Hatch-Surisook quit a job as an academic adviser at the University of Minnesota to be an entrepreneur in a resurgent part of the city.

“Making employees rely on tips for fair wages should be changed, but I also feel strongly that we must — at the same time — address the vast pay inequities that a tipping system creates between those who carefully prepare the food we eat, and those who serve it,” Hatch-Surisook said.

“All staff should be compensated fairly for their work, and a tipping system takes away an employer’s ability to structure pay equitably.”

The Hatch-Surisooks are business and community builders. Their kids go to local public schools.

Sen Yai Sen Lek employs 25 and generates $1 million in annual revenue.

The business pays all workers at least $10.50 an hour starting wage except for servers, who make $9.50 minimum wage plus tips.

The servers share a percentage of tips with kitchen staff. Takeout-related tips are given to the kitchen staff, which amounts to $1-plus per hour. And there is profit-sharing, mostly to the kitchen staff, of several hundred dollars a year.

There is so little turnover among the staff, that Hatch-Surisook just hired her first new worker in two years.

“We hire you at $10.50 and I will pay you for as many sick days as (you) need,” she said. “Everyone who works for us works hard. Yet someone with fantastic cooking skills and years of service may never get to make what a 21-year-old part-time server will who gets a lot of tips.”

Other restaurateurs who are abandoning tipping will put out a jar for donations that will be shared with all employees.

The restaurant-food service industry is the single biggest employer of near-minimum-wage workers, with 3.75 million people, or about 18 percent of workers, followed by grocery stores with fewer than 1 million, according to the Pew Research Center.